阿尔卡迪亚遗址 - 卡尔斯
几个世纪以来，Ani 曾是许多文明的家园，并见证了无数战争，曾经是一个重要的区域中心。在 Ani，也被称为“1001 教堂之城”，已确认有 40 座教堂、小礼拜堂和陵墓。
Ani 距离土耳其卡尔斯（Kars）48 公里，位于土耳其-亚美尼亚边境附近，靠近阿尔帕恰伊河（Arpacay River），在亚美尼亚巴格拉图尼王朝时期是一个重要的权力和文化中心。目前正在努力确保 Ani 遗址——目前在联合国教科文组织世界遗产临时名录上——能够被列入永久名录。自 2011 年以来，这座经历了无数地震和战争的城市通过挖掘和修复工作得到了提升。
在围绕 Ani 的城墙内，可以看到历史城市中的许多遗迹，从巴格拉图尼亚美尼亚人到拜占庭人，从塞尔柱人到格鲁吉亚人和奥斯曼人。围绕 Ani 并由巴格拉图尼王朝为防御而建造的城墙，首先见证了巴格拉图尼与拜占庭之间的血腥冲突，随后是拜占庭与塞尔柱之间的冲突。Ani 历史上曾接待过许多文明，拥有格鲁吉亚和塞尔柱建筑的范例，以及亚美尼亚建筑的杰出代表。由于它建立在丝绸之路上，Ani 成为当时最富有的城市之一，其重要性也因此增加。
Ani 在 1319 年的突发地震中遭受重创，随后被帖木儿占领并摧毁。尽管如此，据了解，直到 1535 年奥斯曼-伊朗战争中完全被遗弃之前，城市中仍有人口居住。
在 1877-78 年的奥斯曼-俄罗斯战争期间，该地区被俄罗斯人占领，第一次世界大战后又被奥斯曼人夺回。然而，Ani 高原后来落入新成立的亚美尼亚共和国手中。1920 年，在独立战争期间，Ani 最后一次易手，并被纳入土耳其共和国。
Ani 占地 78 公顷，周围有 4500 米长的城墙环绕，据估计在 Smpat II（977-989 年）和他的儿子 Gagik（989-1020 年）时期，人口超过 10 万。
尽管 Ani 大教堂的红色石头屋顶在 1319 年的地震中倒塌，另一角在后来的地震中被毁，但它至今仍显得宏伟壮观。
这座教堂于 1001 年在亚美尼亚国王 Gagik I 统治时期建成，见证了 Ani 在人口和财富达到顶峰的时期。这座教堂的亚美尼亚建筑师 Trdat 后来在拜占庭时期修复了圣索菲亚大教堂的穹顶。
该地区的另一座教堂被认为是亚美尼亚巴格拉图尼王朝艺术实力的象征。这座教堂曾经是建筑奇迹，拥有 19 个拱门和穹顶，由当地的红棕色火山玄武岩建成，如今在支柱的帮助下依然屹立。据说这座教堂还保存了耶稣被钉在十字架上的一小部分十字架。
在 10 世纪末，圣格雷戈尔教堂（Saint Gregor Church）以其十二边形小礼拜堂和穹顶依然壮观。1900 年代初在教堂中发现的陵墓属于巴格拉图尼亚美尼亚人之一的 Grigor Pahlavuni 王子。但与 Ani 的其他事物一样，这座墓在 1990 年代被盗。
在这座教堂对面是雕刻在岩石中的洞穴。一些历史学家认为这些洞穴早于 Ani。痕迹表明，这些洞穴在 Ani 时期被用作墓地和教堂，直到 20 世纪初仍有人居住在这些洞穴中。
这里的另一座教堂是 Surp Kirkor 教堂。建于 1215 年，教堂内部装饰有耶稣和启迪者格雷戈尔的壁画。专家指出，当时的亚美尼亚艺术中并未见到如此详细的壁画，因此教堂中的壁画很可能是由格鲁吉亚画家创作的。
塞尔柱帝国自 1000 年代中期以来将拜占庭人赶出安纳托利亚，控制了该地区。然而，在 1072 年，他将 Ani 的管理权交给了库尔德血统的穆斯林沙达迪王朝。
在此期间，Ebul Manucehr 清真寺建在悬崖边缘。据估计，今天屹立的宣礼塔属于 1000 年代末建造的原始清真寺，而主体建筑是 12 或 13 世纪的增建部分。
Manucehr 清真寺的主要功能至今仍存在争议。一种观点认为这座建筑最初是为亚美尼亚巴格拉图尼王朝建造的宫殿，后来改建为清真寺。另一种观点则认为它从一开始就是作为清真寺建立的，并且是安纳托利亚的第一座土耳其清真寺。
您是否希望我们为您量身定制一个包括卡尔斯 Ani 考古遗址的私人行程？** 受益于我们的专业知识。我们为各种兴趣和需求提供定制的土耳其之旅，从浪漫的蜜月旅行和风景优美的自驾游，到与经验丰富的摄影师一起的摄影之旅以及主要目的地的文化之旅。我们为您的土耳其之旅安排一切，包括酒店预订、机场接送、导游服务和一流的体验。我们希望您在土耳其度过愉快时光，并确保您的旅行令人难忘，因为我们亲自陪同过许多土耳其之旅。想象一下，只需与一个人联系即可处理所有旅行细节，获得完全符合您旅行兴趣的定制行程和推荐。联系 土耳其旅游组织者，获取您土耳其之旅的个性化每日行程。
Erkan Dülger
Erkan Dulger, a seasoned expert in the travel and tourism sector, has devoted more than 17 years of his life to planning wonderful journeys for people all over the world. Erkan has made a great career as a travel consultant and prosperous business owner. He was born with a deep enthusiasm for exploration and a desire to introduce people to beautiful places.
Erkan traveled to the United States in search of knowledge and practical experience, where he spent four years honing his craft while working at various hotels. He was able to better comprehend the complexities of the travel industry as well as the various demands and expectations of travelers thanks to this priceless experience.
Erkan had always dreamed of starting his own travel business, one that would reflect his passion for crafting extraordinary travel experiences. Erkan founded his own travel company in 2015 after realizing his dream via intense determination and strong faith in his abilities.
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